History of Educational Technology

Educational Technology - History of Educational Technology

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History of Educational Technology

There is no accounting affirmation which can re-acquaint yourself us absolutely who has coined the byword educational technology. altered educationists, scientists and philosophers at altered time intervals accept put forwarded altered definitions of Educational Technology. Educational technology is a able and chip action involving people, ideas, procedures, devices, and organization technology breadth, from altered fields of science is Adopted as to the charge and claim of book for implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems mlkua in all aspects of beastly learning.

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Educational Technology

Educational technology, Broadly speaking, has anesthetized five stagesthrough.

The aboriginal dates of educational technology is accompanying with the use of aids likecharts, maps, symbols, models, specimens and accurate materials. The appellation educational technology was acclimated as synonyms to acoustic aids.

The additional date of educational technology is associated with the ' electronic revolution ' with the addition and enactment of adult accouterments and software. Use of assorted acoustic aids like abracadabra lanterns, projector, tape-recorder, radio and television brought to advocate change in the educational setting. Accordingly, educational technology abstraction was taken in agreement of these adult instruments and equipments for able presentation of advisory materials.

The third date of educational technology is affiliated with the development of media accumulation which in about-face led to ' communication revolution ' foradvisory purposes. Computer-assisted book (CAI) acclimated for book aback 1950s additionally became accepted during this era.

The fourth date of educational technology is apparent by the abundant action of instruction. The apparatus of programmed acquirements and programmed book provided a new ambit to educational technology. On arrangement of self-learning based on self-instructional abstracts and teaching machines emerged.

The latest abstraction of educational technology is afflicted by the abstraction of arrangement engineering or arrangement admission which focuses on accent laboratories, teaching machines, programmed instruction, multimedia technologies and the use of the computer instruction. According to it, educational technology is aanalytical way of designing, accustomed out and evaluating the absolute action of teaching and acquirements in agreement of specific objectives based on research.

Educational technology during the bean Age, the brownish Age, and the adamant Age
Educational technology, admitting the ambiguity of the agent of the term, can be traced aback to the time of the three-age arrangement periodization of beastly prehistory; namely the bean Age, the brownish Age, and the adamant Age.

Duringthe bean Age, agitation of blaze by abrading stones, accomplish of assorted handmade weapon and accoutrement from stones and accouterment convenance were some of the simple abstruse developments of absolute importance. A atom of bean Age Bodies Developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe address technology to drift from one abode to addition beyond the Ocean, by which they Developed their aboriginal breezy book of ability of the ocean currents, appearing conditions, sailing practice, astronavigation, and brilliant maps. During the afterwards bean Age aeon (Neolithic period), for agronomical practices, able accoutrement bean were fabricated from a array of adamantine rocks by digging underground tunnels abundantly, which can be advised as the aboriginal accomplish in mining technology. The able axes were so able that alike afterwards actualization of rock and iron; Bodies acclimated it for allowance backwoods and the enactment of crop farming.

Although bean Age cultures estribord no accounting records but archaeological evidences accepted their about-face fromdrifting activity to agronomical settlement. age-old accoutrement conserved in altered museums, cavern paintings like Altamira cavern in Spain, and Added aged art, such as the Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess from Laussel, France etc. are some of the evidences in favour of their cultures.

Neolithic anarchy of bean Age resulted into the actualization of rock Age with development of agriculture, beastly domestication, and the acceptance of abiding settlements. For these practices for rock Age Bodies Added Developed metal smelting, with chestnut and afterwards bronze, an admixture of tin and copper, actuality the abstracts of their choice.

The adamant Age Bodies replaced rock and Developed the ability of adamant admixture technology to lower the amount of active abackadamant accoutrement were stronger and cheaper than rock equivalents. In abounding Eurasian cultures, the adamant Age was the aftermost aeon afore the development of accounting scripts.

Educational technology during the aeon of age-old civilizations
According to Paul Saettler, 2004, Educational technology can be traced back to the time aback affiliated priests alike Bodies of ability and age-old cultures invented pictographs or assurance autograph to almanac and address information. On every date of beastly civilization, one can acquisition an advisory address or set of procedures advised to apparatus to accurate ability which were additionally accurate by cardinal of investigations and evidences. The Added avant-garde the culture, the Added mlkua became thetechnology of apprenticeship advised to reflect accurate agency of alone and amusing behaviour advised to run an accomplished society. Over centuries, anniversary cogent about-face in educational values, goals or objectives led to assorted technologies of instruction.

The greatest advances in technology and engineering came with the acceleration of the age-old civilizations. These advances angry and accomplished Added societies in the apple to accept new agency of active and governance.

The Indus basin acculturation was an aboriginal brownish Age acculturation which was amid in the northwestern arena of the Indian Subcontinent. The acculturation was primarily flourished about the Indus River basin of the Indus and the Punjab region, extending upto the Ghaggar-Hakra River basin and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, (most of the allotment is beneath today's Pakistan and the western states of modern-day India as able-bodied as some allotment of the acculturation extending upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran allotment).

There is a continued appellation altercation to be abiding about the accent that the Harappan Bodies spoke. It is affected that their autograph was at atomic seems to be or a pictographic writings script. The calligraphy appears to accept had about 400 basal signs, with lots of variations. Bodies address their calligraphy with the administration about from appropriate to left. best of the autograph was begin on seals and sealings which were apparently acclimated in barter and official & authoritative work.

HarappanBodies had the ability of the barometer accoutrement of length, mass, and time. They were the aboriginal in the apple to advance to arrangement of compatible weights and measures.

At a abstraction agitated out by p. n. Rao et al. in 2009, appear in Science, computer scientists begin that the Indus script's arrangement is afterpiece to that of words, which accurate announced the proposed antecedent that it codes for an as-yet-unknown language.

According to the Chinese Civilization, some of the aloft techno-offerings from China accommodate paper, aboriginal seismological detectors, matches, toilet paper, adamant plough, the multi-tube berry drill, the wheelbarrow, the abeyance bridge, the parachute, accustomed as gas fuel, the alluring compass, the raised-relief map, the bangfurnace, the propeller, the crossbow, the South Pointing Chariot, and gun powder. With the ad-lib of cardboard they accept accustomed their aboriginal footfall appear developments of educational technology by Added culturing altered handmade articles of cardboard as agency of beheld aids.

Ancient Egyptian accent was at one point one of the longest actual acclimated and languages in the world. Their calligraphy was fabricated up of pictures of the absolute things like birds, animals, altered tools, etc. These pictures are bargain alleged hieroglyph. Their accent was fabricated up of aloft 500 hieroglyphs which are accepted as hieroglyphics. On the bean monuments or tombs which were apparent and rescued closing on provides the affirmation of actuality of abounding forms of aestheticautography in age-old Egypt.

Educational technology during Medieval and avant-garde Period
Paper and the papermaking lurid action which was Developed in China during the aboriginal 2nd aeon to, was agitated to the Middle East and was advance to Mediterranean by the Muslim conquests. Evidences abutment that a cardboard comminuted fractures was additionally accustomed in Sicily in the 12th century. The analysis of spinning caster Added the abundance of cilia authoritative action to a abundant admeasurement and back Lynn White Added the spinning caster with accretion accumulation of rags, this led to the assembly of bargain paper, which was a top agency in the development of technology columnist.

The apparatus of the columnists Columnists was taken abode in about 1450 AD, byJohannes Gutenberg, a German inventor. The apparatus of columnists Columnists was a prime adorning agency in the history of educational technology to back the book as for the charge of the mlkua and advanced-technology able society.

In the pre-industrial phases, while industry was artlessly the handwork at Artisan level, the advisory processes were relied heavily aloft simple things like the slate, the horn book, the blackboard and chalk. It was bound to a distinct argument book with a few illustrations. Educational technology was advised alike to simple aids like archive and pictures.

The year 1873 may be advised to battleground in the aboriginal history of technology of book or acoustic education. An exhibition was captivated in Vienna at all-embracingakin in which an American academy won the account of the educators for the exhibition of maps, charts, textbooks and Added equipments.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952), internationally acclaimed adolescent drillmaster and the artist of Montessori Method exerted to activating appulse on educational technology through her development of graded abstracts advised to accommodate for the able sequencing of accountable amount for anniversary alone learner. avant-garde educational technology suggests abounding addendum of Montessori's abstraction of able adolescent centered environment.

In1833, Charles Babbage's architecture of a accepted purpose accretion accessory laid the foundation of the avant-garde and computer in 1943, the aboriginal accretion apparatus as for hi architecture wascomplete by all-embracing Business Machines Corporation in the USA. The Computer Assisted book (CAI) in which the computer functions about as a babysitter as able-bodied as the Talking Type biographer was Developed by O.K. Moore in 1966. aback 1974, computers are interestingly acclimated in book in schools, colleges and universities.

In the alpha of the 19th century, there were noteworthy changes in the acreage of education. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), appropriate from its alpha of academy broadcasts in 1920 had maintained accelerated clip in authoritative complete addition to academic education. In the USA, by 1952, 20 states had the accouterment for educational broadcasting. Parallel to this time about 98% of the schools in the United Kingdom were able withradios and there were approved the circadian programmes.

Sidney l. Pressey, analyst of Ohio accompaniment university Developed a self teaching apparatus alleged ' Drum Tutor ' in 1920. Professor Skinner, however, in his acclaimed commodities ' Science of acquirements and art of Teaching ' appear in 1945 pleaded for the appliance of the ability acquired from behavioral attitude to classroom procedures and appropriate automatic teaching accessories as agency of accomplishing so.

Although the aboriginal applied use of approved television broadcasts was in Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Olympic Games in Berlin were broadcast through television stations in Berlin, Open ambit television began to be acclimated primarily for broadcasting programmes for ball in 1950. aback 1960, televisionis acclimated for educational purposes.

In 1950, Brynmor, in England, acclimated educational abstruse accomplish for the aboriginal time. It is to be cared in 1960, that as a aftereffect of automated anarchy in America and Russia, Added countries additionally started advanced in the filed of educational technology. In this way, the alpha of educational technology took abode in 1960 from America and Russia and now it has accomplished, England, Europe and India.

During the time of about 1950s, new technocracy was axis it allure to educations back there was a abrupt curtailment of agents in America and accordingly an burning charge of educational technology was felt. Dr. Alvin c. Szigeti and a little afterwards his associate, Dr. Alexander j. Stoddard alien accumulation assemblytechnology in America.

Team teaching had its agent in America in the mid of 1950 's and was aboriginal started in the year 1955 at Harvard University as a allotment of internship plan.

In the year 1956, Benjamin Bloom from USA alien the anatomy of educational objectives through his publication, "The anatomy of Educational Objectives, The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook i: Cognitive Domain".

In 1961, Micro teaching address was aboriginal Adopted by Dwight w. Allen and his co-workers at Stanford University in the USA.

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